Asymmetry in oceanic crustal structure of the South China Sea basin and its implications on mantle geodynamics     

Fan Zhang  Xubo Zhang  Weiwei Ding  Tingting Wang  Jian Zhu 《International Geology Review》2020,62(7-8):840-858

ABSTRACT

We investigated the oceanic crustal structure and lithospheric dynamics of the South China Sea (SCS) basin through a comprehensive analysis of residual gravity anomaly and bathymetry combined with seismic constraints and interpretation from geodynamic modelling. We first calculated the residual mantle Bouguer anomaly (RMBA) of the oceanic crustal regions of the SCS by removing from free-air gravity anomaly the predicted gravitational attractions of water-sediment, sediment-crust, and crust-mantle interfaces, as well as the effects of lithospheric plate cooling, using the latest crustal age constraints including IODP Expedition 349 and recent deep-tow magnetic surveys. We then calculated models of the gravity-derived crustal thickness and calibrated them using the available seismic refraction profiles of the SCS. The gravity-derived crustal thickness models correlate positively with seismically determined crustal thickness values. Our analysis revealed that the isochron-averaged RMBA are consistently more negative over the northern flank of the SCS basin than the southern conjugate for magnetic anomaly chrons C8n (~25.18 Ma) to C5Dn (~17.38 Ma), implying warmer mantle and/or thicker crust over much of the northern flank. Computational geodynamic modelling yielded the following interpretations: (1) Models of asymmetric and variable spreading rates based on the relatively high-resolution deep-tow magnetic analysis would predict alternating thicker and thinner crust at the northern flank than the southern conjugate, which is inconsistent with the observed systematically thicker crust on the northern flank. (2) Models of episodic southward ridge jumps could reproduce the observed N-S asymmetry, but only for crustal age of 23.6–20 Ma. (3) Southward migration of the SCS ridge axis would predict slightly thinner crust at the northern flank, which is inconsistent with the observations. (4) Models of higher mantle temperatures of up to 25–50°C or >2% less depleted mantle sources on the northern flank could produce large enough anomalies to explain the observed N-S asymmetries.  相似文献   

The structure,depositional style and accumulation characteristics of continental margin with diachronous breakup in the northern South China Sea     

Yunfan Zhang  Jiangyang Zhang  Lijie Wang 《International Geology Review》2020,62(7-8):1006-1018

ABSTRACT

A typical diachronous breakup developed in the South China Sea (SCS); the breakup has been unequivocally identified, and gradually decreases in age from NE to SW. To illustrate the influence of a diachronous breakup on hydrocarbon accumulation, we used seismic profiles from CNOOC, and analysed crustal extension characteristics, sedimentary style and source rock accumulation. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Because of the diachronous breakup in the SCS, various tectonic units developed in different positions on the northern continental margin with different degrees of extension. The Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB) is closer to the central sea basin of the SCS and has been affected by regional tension stress for a longer time. Tectonic units of proximal domain, necking zone, and distal margin types developed, and the crust structure thinned from the land towards the sea. The Qiongdongnan Basin (QB) is closer to the Southwest Sub-basin. There are symmetrical proximal domains on the southern and northern sides of the QB, with a necking zone in the central part. It presents as an abandoned passive continental margin. (2) The PRMB exhibited rifted cells first, followed by canyon type extensional faulting and horizontal axial transportation, and then by a longitudinal shelf-slope sedimentary style. But the QB has only rifted cells and canyon type faulting stages, no longitudinal shelf-slope sedimentary stage. The major source rocks in the northern SCS become younger from east to west, and the sedimentary facies change from lacustrine facies to marine-continental transitional facies. (3) The diachronous breakup process ultimately affecting oil and gas migration and accumulation process. The PRMB is dominated by deep-water shelf break accumulation with deep-water fan reservoir bodies. The QB is dominated by canyon type accumulation with channels.  相似文献   

Constitutive modelling of fine-grained gassy soil: A composite approach     

Zhiwei Gao  Yi Hong  Lizhong Wang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(9):1350-1368

Fine-grained marine sediments containing large undissolved gas bubbles are widely distributed around the world. Presence of the bubbles could degrade the undrained shear strength (s_u ) of the soil, when the gas pressure u_g is relatively high as compared with the effective stress in the saturated soil matrix. Meanwhile, the addition of bubbles may also increase s_u when the difference between u_g and pore water pressure u_w becomes smaller than the water entry value, causing partial water drainage from the saturated matrix into the bubbles (bubble flooding) during globally undrained shearing. A new constitutive model for describing the two competing effects on the stress-strain relationship of fine-grained gassy soil is proposed within the framework of critical state soil mechanics. The gassy soil is considered as a three-phase composite material with compressible cavities, which allows water entry from the saturated matrix. Bubble flooding is modelled by introducing an additional positive volumetric strain increment of the saturated clay matrix, which is dependent on the difference between pore gas and pore water pressure based on experimental observations. A modified hardening law based on that of the modified Cam clay model is employed, which in conjunction with the expression for bubble flooding, can describe both the detrimental and beneficial effects of gas bubbles on soil strength and plastic hardening in shear. Only two extra parameters in addition to those in the modified Cam clay model are used. It is shown that the key features of the stress-strain relationship of three fine-grained gassy soils can be reproduced satisfactorily.  相似文献   

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定花岗伟晶岩中锂、铍、铷、铯、铌和钽     

胡兰基  朱琳  赵玉卿  马龙  王洪桂  方宏树  何媛媛 《化工矿产地质》2020,42(4)

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Application of flocculation combined with vacuum preloading to reduce river-dredged sludge     

Feiyu Liu  Wenqing Wu  Jun Wang  Jun Hai  Yuanqiang Cai 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(2):164-173

Abstract

To achieve the rapid dewatering of dredged sludge, the flocculation–vacuum-preloading method was tested indoors. In this study, the optimal mixing ratio of six flocculants was determined through the settling column test, and then the proposed method was tested. The water drainage and settlement were monitored during the test, while the soil moisture content and shear strength were measured after the test. The results show that all the flocculants had an optimal mixing ratio, and the addition of 0.8% FeCl₃ or 0.08% anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) in the sludge can better accelerate solid–liquid separation of the sludge. After the test, the water content in the sludge decreased from 140% to 60%. Compared with general vacuum preloading, the use of the proposed method increased the water drainage by 46.5% and 56.8% and decreased the soil volumes by 60.5% and 82.4% for FeCl₃ and APAM, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding shear strength was increased from 10 to 14 and 17?kPa. In addition, the use of APAM increased the solidification rate of heavy metals in the sludge to more than 80%, effectively inhibiting the migration of heavy metals.  相似文献   

Analysis of resistance factors for LRFD of soil nail pullout limit state using default FHWA load and resistance models     

Hui Hu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(3):332-348

Abstract

Resistance factors for load and resistance factor design (LRFD) of pullout limit state of both permanent and temporary soil nails are calibrated against a wide design space using the current Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) nail load and resistance models. The calculated resistance factors were shown to scatter broadly among design scenarios that differ in wall face batter, soil friction angle, nail ultimate bond strength, and surcharge live load. An important lesson learned from the analysis results is that the current practice of using a single resistance factor for LRFD of nail pullout limit state could not result in uniform reliabilities across different design scenarios. Simple artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed for computation of resistance factors. Design examples demonstrated the ability of the ANN models in providing resistance factors that yield satisfactory and consistent reliabilities in different nail pullout designs.  相似文献   

FY-4A卫星海域云图图像增强融合方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

尹锡帆  赵辉  孙文舟  郭晓明  蒋善伟  刘言志 《海洋测绘》2020,40(5):30-34

FY-4A卫星是我国目前最先进的气象卫星,为缓解光照对其可见光和红外云图影响,增强图像质量和显示细节,通过分析中央气象台发布的FY-4A卫星云图中可见光和红外云图资料,指出云图可见光和红外云图存在极强互补性的特征,提出一种基于灰度均值的自适应非线性Gamma图像增强融合方法。仿真实验结果指出利用本文方法得到的融合云图拥有显示云的更多细节和识别云层云类的特点。该方法有效性的验证,为21世纪海上丝绸之路气象预报保障提供了新的云图识别处理技术。  相似文献   

临时潮位站实时潮位质量控制方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘辉  朱世芳 《海洋测绘》2020,40(3):28-30

为满足水上施工对临时潮位站实时潮位数据质量的要求,研究使用基于最小二乘的二次函数曲线拟合法将离散的潮位点拟合为潮位曲线,在此基础上实现潮位数据的补缺、加密和外推。在拟合节点的选取上除了传统的固定节点以外,还增加了滚动节点的拟合方式。以连云港徐圩潮位站的实测水位数据为依据,在不同的时刻计算拟合曲线,并给出了两种拟合节点的拟合外推潮位与实测潮位的比对分析结果,结果表明,滚动节点的拟合方式可以使拟合曲线的外推时间有所延长,在各种起始位置和节点质量条件下,在不超过20 cm偏差的前提下,潮位外推时间可达到50～300 min。  相似文献   

深度学习在水声目标识别中的应用研究     

王培兵  彭圆 《数字海洋与水下攻防》2020,3(1):11-17

水声目标识别技术是水声信号处理的重要组成部分，是水声信息获取与水声信息对抗的重要技术支撑。针对水声目标识别时探测数据量大、自动化程度不高、识别效率低下等问题，研究了深度学习在水声目标识别中的应用。首先，介绍了水声目标识别技术的研究现状及当前形势下面临的挑战。然后，对深度学习的网络结构原理及改进型进行了分析，并分别对深度学习在水声声信号识别领域和水声图像信号识别领域的应用现状做了阐述。最后，指出了由于受当前技术条件和水下复杂环境的制约，此方法尚且存在着不足之处。该方法为进一步优化深度学习算法、拓展深度学习技术应用范畴、提升水声目标识别效率提供了参考。  相似文献   

一种无人艇自适应无线通信系统的设计应用     

卢筑飞  陈天利  王超 《数字海洋与水下攻防》2020,3(4):309-313

随着无人艇技术的发展成熟，各型无人艇已逐步应用到民用和军用领域。无线通信系统作为无人艇的重要组成部分，承担着无人艇与母艇之间信息交互的功能。从无线通信技术的发展现状出发，分析出适用于无人艇应用场景的无线通信技术及工程设计方法，并设计了一种自适应无线通信系统。该系统能根据无人艇工作状态提供连续稳定的数据链，经试验测试，运行效果良好。  相似文献